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AAV Training Module |
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A
procedure turn is the maneuver used when it is necessary to perform a course
reversal to establish the aircraft inbound on a final approach course. The
procedure turn is not required when the symbol "NoPT" appears on the approach plate, when the
flight is radar vectored to the final approach, when conducting a timed
approach, or when the procedure turn is not authorized. Course
reversals included in an Instrument Approach Procedures are shown in one of
three different ways, 45/180 degree procedure, a holding pattern, or a
teardrop procedure. Components of the procedure are depicted in the plan and profile
view of the appropriate Instrument Approach chart. The maneuver must be
completed within the distance and at the minimum altitude specified in the
profile view. In the profile view below, the procedure must be completed
within 10 NM of the VOR at a minimum altitude of 3000’ MSL.
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A procedure turn barbed arrow
indicates the direction or side of the outbound course on which the procedure
turn is made. Headings are provided for course reversal using the 45 degree
procedure turn. However, the point at which the turn may be commenced, and
the type and rate of turn is left to the discretion
of the pilot. Some of the options are the 45/180 procedure turn itself, the
racetrack pattern, the teardrop procedure turn or the 80/260 course reversal.
The absence of the procedure
turn barbed arrow in the plan view means indicates that a procedure turn is
not authorized for that procedure. A maximum procedure turn speed of not
greater than 200 knots KIAS should be observed when turning outbound over the
IAF and throughout the maneuver to ensure staying within the obstruction
clearance area. The normal procedure turn distance is 10 NM. Descent below the
procedure turn altitude begins after the aircraft is established on the
inbound course. |
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To
practice this type of procedure turn, start timing after passing A for 2
minutes (A to B). At B, turn 45 degrees (standard rate) left or right as
shown on the approach procedure chart. After rolling out, fly your new
heading for approximately 1 minute (B to C). At
C, start a turn of 180 degrees (C to D). At completion of the turn, time for
approximately 45 seconds from D to E. The actual amount of time will vary
with the wind. Set you VOR/CDI to the inbound course. As you begin to see activity
on your VOR/CDI needle, start your turn at E for the 45 degree change of
heading to inbound course. This heading will be the reciprocal of heading at
beginning of maneuver. Continue tracking inbound and complete the prescribed
Instrument Approach Procedure. If
you are flying the procedure turn as part of an Instrument Approach Procedure,
you would begin the first turn at B at your discretion after passing the
outbound waypoint A, as shown on the chart. Keep in mind that there may be a
maximum distance within which this entire procedure must be performed. Holding in Lieu of
Procedure Turn - A
holding pattern in lieu of a procedure turn may be shown for course reversal
in some procedures. In these cases, the holding pattern is established over
an intermediate fix or a final approach fix (FAF). The holding pattern
distance or time specified in the profile view must be observed. Maximum
holding airspeed limitations as set forth for all holding patterns apply. The
holding pattern maneuver is completed when the aircraft is established on the
inbound course after executing the appropriate entry. If cleared for the
approach prior to returning to the holding fix, and
the aircraft is at the prescribed altitude, additional circuits are not
necessary nor expected by ATC. If the pilot elect to
make additional circuits to lose excess altitude or to become better
established on the course, it is their responsibility to advise ATC upon
receipt of their approach clearance. When holding in lieu of a procedure
turn, the holding pattern must be followed, except when radar
vectoring to the final approach course is provided or when NoPT is shown on the approach course.
When
a teardrop procedure turn is shown and a course reversal is required, this
type of procedure must be executed. The teardrop procedure consists of a
departure from an IAF (A) on the published outbound course followed by a turn
toward and intercepting the inbound course at or prior to the intermediate
fix or point. Its purpose is to permit an aircraft to reverse direction and
lose considerable altitude within reasonably limited airspace. Where no fix is
available to mark the beginning of the intermediate segment, it shall be
assumed to commence at a point 10 NM prior to the FAF. At
B, enter a standard-rate turn for 30 degree change of heading. Time one
minute from B to C. At C, enter standard-rate turn for a 210 degree change of
heading, rolling-out on the reciprocal heading of the original entry heading.
As in the Standard 45/180 procedure, use your
VOR/CDI needle to track inbound . |
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